Journal: Microbiology and immunology

Article Title: Mycobacterium kumamotonense Sp. Nov. recovered from clinical specimen and the first isolation report of Mycobacterium arupense in Japan: Novel slowly growing, nonchromogenic clinical isolates related to Mycobacterium terrae complex.

doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03865.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the three isolates CST 7247T, CST 7052, and CST 0506, and 52 slowly growing mycobacteria prepared by using the neighbor-joining method. The support of each branch, as determined from 1,000 bootstrap samples, is indicated by the value at each node. The tree was rooted with the use of Nocardia asteroides as the outgroup. The scale bar represents a 1% difference in nucleotide sequences.

Article Snippet: The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of strain CST 7247T (1,401 bp) was 98.6% (20 base mismatches) similar to M. terrae ATCC 15755T, whereas the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains CST 7052 (1,442 bp) and CST 0506 (1,432 bp) were 99.9% (1 base mismatch) and 99.8% (3 base mismatches) similar, respectively, to M. arupense AR 3009T.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Immunology Author Choice

Article Title: Circulating Plasma Extracellular Vesicles from Septic Mice Induce Inflammation via MicroRNA- and TLR7-Dependent Mechanisms

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801008

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plasma EVs from septic mice induce cytokine production through TLR7-MyD88 signaling. BMDM were isolated from WT and genetically modified mice (TLR7−/−, TLR3−/−, MyD88−/−, Trif−/−) and treated with sham EVs (20 μg/ml), CLP EVs (20 μg/ml), P3C (TLR2 ligand, 1 μg/ml), poly(I:C) (TLR3 ligands, 10 μg/ml), or R837 (TLR7 ligand, 0.25 μg/ml). Sixteen hours after the treatment, the culture media were collected and cytokines (MIP-2, IL-6) were measured by ELISA. (A and B) TLR7 but not TLR3 signaling contributed to CLP EV–induced cytokine production. (C and D) MyD88- but not Trif-deficiency abolished CLP EV–mediated MIP-2 and IL-6 production. Each bar represents triplicate samples with each experiment repeated twice. ***p < 0.001, #p < 0.0001, versus PBS group.

Article Snippet: Bone marrow–derived Mϕs (BMDM) were incubated in serum-free culture medium containing 0.05% BSA for 1 h before treatment with EVs (20 μg/ml), poly(I:C) (10 μg/ml; Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY), R837 (1μg/ml; InvivoGen, San Diego, CA), or Pam3Cys (P3C; 1μg/ml; Enzo Life Sciences) for overnight.

Techniques: Isolation, Genetically Modified, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Targeting Toll-Like Receptors: Promising Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Sepsis-Associated Pathology and Infectious Diseases

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00387

Figure Lengend Snippet: Selection of clinical trials testing drugs targeting TLRs for bacterial and viral infections .

Article Snippet: FluMist + Poly(I:C 12 U) , Hemispherx Biopharma , TLR3 , Agonist , Randomized, double-blind phase 1 and phase 2 , NCT01591473 , Immunogenicity and safety of human influenza vaccine in healthy volunteers , Currently recruiting.

Techniques: Selection, Clinical Proteomics, Immunopeptidomics